Pomožni glagol je glagol, ki doda funkcijski ali slovnični pomen stavku, v katerem se pojavlja. To pomeni, da lahko izraža slovnični čas, glagolski vid, glagolski način, modalnost, poudarek, itd.
Pomožni glagoli ponavadi spremljajo glavni glagol, ki je nosilec aktivnosti ali stanja opisanega v stavku.
Pomožni glagoli v angleščini so dveh tipov. Poznamo primarni tip in modalni tip pomožnega glagola.
Primarni tip vsebuje tri glagole: BE, DO, HAVE, katere je seveda potrebno obravnavati v vseh njihovih oblikah, prilagojenih za različne osebe in različne slovnične čase.
Tabela spodaj vsebuje samo trdilne oblike, pomembno si je zapomniti, da imajo vsi pomožni glagoli tudi nikalno obliko, kot je razvidno iz nekaterih primerov spodaj.
BE | am, is, are was, were been being |
DO |
does did |
HAVE | has had having |
Spodnja tabela ločuje vse tri pomožne glagole glede na čas.
Zdaj pa si oglejmo še nekaj praktičnih primerov rabe pomožnih glagolov.
- Jenny is taking David to the airport.
- If he doesn’t arrive on time, he’ll have to take a later flight.
- Unfortunately, our dinner has been eaten by the dog.
- I have purchased a new pair of trousers to replace the ones that were lost in my luggage.
- We hope you don’t have an accident on your way to school.
- She was baking a cake for dessert.
- Mom has been working hard all day.
- The bed was made as soon as I got up.
- Samantha doesn’t ski or roller skate.
- Did Tom bring coffee?
Nekatere povedi lahko vsebujejo celo več pomožnih glagolov hkrati.
The wind has been blowing all day.
By Friday we will have been waiting for 3 months already.
Modalni tip pomožnega glagola pa zajema modalne glagole, kot so:
can
could
may
might
must
shall
should
will
would
need (ki pa je lahko tudi navaden, polnopomenski, glagol, ki ni v modalni funkciji)
ought to
dare
1) I can‘t run a mile in 5 minutes.
2) You must clean your plate before you have dessert.
3) I might go to the park after school today.
4) It would be nice if a rainbow appeared.
5) Do you think it will rain today?
6) Grandma could arrive any minute!
7) You shouldn’t smoke so much.
8) Will you give me some money?
9) We ought to clean the flat before the parents come home.
10) How may we help you?
Ti pomožni glagoli svoje oblike ne spremenijo nikoli.